Zero Waste Packaging Market Sets USD 740.06 Bn by 2034

Zero Waste Packaging Market Sustainability & Circular Economy Data

Projections indicate the global zero waste packaging market will increase from USD 294.57 billion in 2024 to USD 740.06 billion by 2034, experiencing a CAGR of 9.65% over the next 10 years.

Executive Summary

  • Market Overview
  • Key Findings
  • Market Trends
  • Strategic Initiatives by Leading Players

Market Introduction

  • Definition and Scope
  • Research Methodology
  • Assumptions and Limitations

Market Dynamics

  • Market Drivers
  • Market Restraints
  • Opportunities in Zero Waste Packaging
  • Market Challenges
  • Impact Analysis of Drivers and Restraints

Competitive Landscape

  • Market Share Analysis of Key Players
  • Competitive Positioning and Analysis
  • Recent Developments
  • Mergers & Acquisitions
  • Product Launches
  • Key Players’ Strategic Initiatives

Company Profiles

  • Notpla
    • Overview
    • Product Portfolio
    • Recent Developments
  • Boxed Water Is Better
    • Overview
    • Product Portfolio
    • Recent Developments
  • Lifepack
  • Loliware
  • Noissue
  • ASOS
  • Better Packaging Co.
  • Calvin Klein
  • Ecovative
  • Ecoware
  • Patagonia, Inc.
  • Plaine Products
  • Sierra Nevada
    • Overview
    • Product Portfolio
    • Recent Developments for each company

Zero Waste Packaging Market, By Material Type

  • Biopolymer
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Material Properties and Key Applications
  • Paper and Cardboard
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Environmental Benefits and Challenges
  • Glass Packaging
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Demand in Various Industries
  • Metal Packaging
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Key Use Cases and Sustainability Factors

Zero Waste Packaging Market, By Outlook Type

  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Key Applications and Innovations
  • Compostable Packaging
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Materials and Industry Use Cases
  • Edible Packaging
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Emerging Trends and Potential

Zero Waste Packaging Market, By Distribution Channel Outlook

  • Online
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Key Consumer Trends and Demand Drivers
  • Offline
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Comparison with Online Channel
    • Retail and Specialty Stores’ Role

Zero Waste Packaging Market, By Application

  • Food & Beverage
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Key Trends in Sustainable Packaging
  • Healthcare
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Sustainable Solutions for Pharmaceutical Packaging
  • E-Commerce
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Zero Waste Packaging Innovations
  • Electronics & Home Appliance
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Key Packaging Challenges and Developments
  • Personal Care & Cosmetics
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Consumer Preferences and Sustainable Solutions

Zero Waste Packaging Market, By Region Covered

  • North America
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Key Trends and Regional Insights
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Europe
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Regional Analysis
  • Germany
  • UK
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Denmark
  • Norway
  • Asia Pacific
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Key Drivers and Opportunities
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • South Korea
  • Thailand
  • Latin America
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Market Trends and Regional Developments
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Argentina
  • Middle East and Africa (MEA)
    • Market Size and Forecast
    • Market Potential and Future Growth Prospects
  • South Africa
  • UAE
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Kuwait

Zero Waste Packaging Market Cross-Segment Analysis

Material Type x Outlook Type

  • Biopolymer x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging
  • Biopolymer x Compostable Packaging
  • Biopolymer x Edible Packaging
  • Paper and Cardboard x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging
  • Paper and Cardboard x Compostable Packaging
  • Paper and Cardboard x Edible Packaging
  • Glass Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging
  • Glass Packaging x Compostable Packaging
  • Glass Packaging x Edible Packaging
  • Metal Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging
  • Metal Packaging x Compostable Packaging
  • Metal Packaging x Edible Packaging

Material Type x Distribution Channel Outlook

  • Biopolymer x Online
  • Biopolymer x Offline
  • Paper and Cardboard x Online
  • Paper and Cardboard x Offline
  • Glass Packaging x Online
  • Glass Packaging x Offline
  • Metal Packaging x Online
  • Metal Packaging x Offline

Material Type x Application

  • Biopolymer x Food & Beverage
  • Biopolymer x Healthcare
  • Biopolymer x E-Commerce
  • Biopolymer x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Biopolymer x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Paper and Cardboard x Food & Beverage
  • Paper and Cardboard x Healthcare
  • Paper and Cardboard x E-Commerce
  • Paper and Cardboard x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Paper and Cardboard x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Glass Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Glass Packaging x Healthcare
  • Glass Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Glass Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Glass Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Metal Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Metal Packaging x Healthcare
  • Metal Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Metal Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Metal Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics

Outlook Type x Distribution Channel Outlook

  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline
  • Compostable Packaging x Online
  • Compostable Packaging x Offline
  • Edible Packaging x Online
  • Edible Packaging x Offline

Outlook Type x Application

  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Compostable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Compostable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Compostable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Compostable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Compostable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Edible Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Edible Packaging x Healthcare
  • Edible Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Edible Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Edible Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics

Distribution Channel Outlook x Application

  • Online x Food & Beverage
  • Online x Healthcare
  • Online x E-Commerce
  • Online x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Online x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Offline x Food & Beverage
  • Offline x Healthcare
  • Offline x E-Commerce
  • Offline x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Offline x Personal Care & Cosmetics

Material Type x Outlook Type x Distribution Channel Outlook

  • Biopolymer x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online
  • Biopolymer x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline
  • Biopolymer x Compostable Packaging x Online
  • Biopolymer x Compostable Packaging x Offline
  • Biopolymer x Edible Packaging x Online
  • Biopolymer x Edible Packaging x Offline
  • Paper and Cardboard x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online
  • Paper and Cardboard x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline
  • Paper and Cardboard x Compostable Packaging x Online
  • Paper and Cardboard x Compostable Packaging x Offline
  • Paper and Cardboard x Edible Packaging x Online
  • Paper and Cardboard x Edible Packaging x Offline
  • Glass Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online
  • Glass Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline
  • Glass Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Online
  • Glass Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Offline
  • Glass Packaging x Edible Packaging x Online
  • Glass Packaging x Edible Packaging x Offline
  • Metal Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online
  • Metal Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline
  • Metal Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Online
  • Metal Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Offline
  • Metal Packaging x Edible Packaging x Online
  • Metal Packaging x Edible Packaging x Offline

Material Type x Outlook Type x Application

  • Biopolymer x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Biopolymer x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Biopolymer x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Biopolymer x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Biopolymer x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Biopolymer x Compostable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Biopolymer x Compostable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Biopolymer x Compostable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Biopolymer x Compostable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Biopolymer x Compostable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Biopolymer x Edible Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Biopolymer x Edible Packaging x Healthcare
  • Biopolymer x Edible Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Biopolymer x Edible Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Biopolymer x Edible Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Paper and Cardboard x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Paper and Cardboard x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Paper and Cardboard x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Paper and Cardboard x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Paper and Cardboard x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Paper and Cardboard x Compostable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Paper and Cardboard x Compostable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Paper and Cardboard x Compostable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Paper and Cardboard x Compostable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Paper and Cardboard x Compostable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Paper and Cardboard x Edible Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Paper and Cardboard x Edible Packaging x Healthcare
  • Paper and Cardboard x Edible Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Paper and Cardboard x Edible Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Paper and Cardboard x Edible Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Glass Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Glass Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Glass Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Glass Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Glass Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Glass Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Glass Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Glass Packaging x Compostable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Glass Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Glass Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Glass Packaging x Edible Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Glass Packaging x Edible Packaging x Healthcare
  • Glass Packaging x Edible Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Glass Packaging x Edible Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Glass Packaging x Edible Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Metal Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Metal Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Metal Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Metal Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Metal Packaging x Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Metal Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Metal Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Healthcare
  • Metal Packaging x Compostable Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Metal Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Metal Packaging x Compostable Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Metal Packaging x Edible Packaging x Food & Beverage
  • Metal Packaging x Edible Packaging x Healthcare
  • Metal Packaging x Edible Packaging x E-Commerce
  • Metal Packaging x Edible Packaging x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Metal Packaging x Edible Packaging x Personal Care & Cosmetics

Outlook Type x Distribution Channel Outlook x Application

  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online x Food & Beverage
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online x Healthcare
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online x E-Commerce
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Online x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline x Food & Beverage
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline x Healthcare
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline x E-Commerce
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Reusable/Recyclable Packaging x Offline x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Compostable Packaging x Online x Food & Beverage
  • Compostable Packaging x Online x Healthcare
  • Compostable Packaging x Online x E-Commerce
  • Compostable Packaging x Online x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Compostable Packaging x Online x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Compostable Packaging x Offline x Food & Beverage
  • Compostable Packaging x Offline x Healthcare
  • Compostable Packaging x Offline x E-Commerce
  • Compostable Packaging x Offline x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Compostable Packaging x Offline x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Edible Packaging x Online x Food & Beverage
  • Edible Packaging x Online x Healthcare
  • Edible Packaging x Online x E-Commerce
  • Edible Packaging x Online x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Edible Packaging x Online x Personal Care & Cosmetics
  • Edible Packaging x Offline x Food & Beverage
  • Edible Packaging x Offline x Healthcare
  • Edible Packaging x Offline x E-Commerce
  • Edible Packaging x Offline x Electronics & Home Appliance
  • Edible Packaging x Offline x Personal Care & Cosmetics

Go-to-Market Strategies (Europe/Asia Pacific/North America/Latin America/Middle East)

  • Market Entry Tactics by Region
  • Differentiation Strategies for Zero Waste Solutions
  • Key Customer Segmentation and Targeting
  • Brand Positioning and Messaging for Zero Waste Initiatives
  • Regional Sales and Distribution Networks
  • Partnerships with Local Distributors and Retailers
  • Pricing Strategies and Value-Based Pricing
  • Localized Marketing Campaigns and Promotions

Import & Export Analysis in Zero Waste Packaging

  • Major Importing and Exporting Countries
  • Analysis of Key Export Destinations and Import Sources
  • Trade Flow Patterns and Trends
  • Competitor Import-Export Strategies
  • Role of Trade Organizations and Alliances

Country-Specific Trade Data

  • Export and Import Volumes by Country
  • Country-Specific Packaging Policies and Standards
  • Trade Balance in Zero Waste Packaging Goods
  • Country-Level Product Preferences and Trends

Tariffs and Trade Barriers

  • Import Duties and Customs Tariffs
  • Non-Tariff Barriers in Key Markets
  • Regional and Bilateral Trade Agreements
  • Impact of Tariffs on Cost Structure
  • Compliance Costs and Trade Restrictions

Regional Trade Agreements

  • Influence of Trade Agreements on Packaging
  • Key Agreements (e.g., NAFTA, EU FTA) and Their Impact
  • Trade Incentives for Sustainable Packaging
  • Provisions for Zero Waste or Sustainable Packaging

Packaging Regulations & Compliance

  • Regulatory Requirements by Region
  • Recycling and Reuse Standards Compliance
  • Penalties for Non-Compliance
  • Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Policies
  • Regulatory Evolution and Future Trends

Global Packaging Standards & Compliance

  • ISO Standards for Packaging Sustainability
  • Compliance Certifications (e.g., FSC, USDA BioPreferred)
  • Role of Certification Bodies and Audits
  • Harmonization of Standards Across Regions

Sustainability Policies Impacting Packaging

  • Government Initiatives for Circular Economy
  • Single-Use Plastic Policies and Targets
  • Subsidies and Grants for Zero Waste Packaging Solutions
  • National Sustainability Goals and Their Impact

Plastic Packaging Bans & Restrictions

  • Overview of Plastic Packaging Bans by Region
  • Banned Materials and Substitutes
  • Timeline for Phasing Out Restricted Materials
  • Impact on Supply Chains and Material Choices

Packaging Material Demand & Supply Analysis

  • Demand for Alternative Materials (e.g., Biodegradable, Compostable)
  • Supply Chain Trends for Sustainable Materials
  • Key Suppliers and Material Producers
  • Material Price Trends and Influencing Factors

Demand-Supply Gap Analysis

  • Identification of Material Shortages
  • Supply Chain Bottlenecks and Lead Times
  • Strategies to Address Supply Shortages
  • Impact of Demand-Supply Gaps on Pricing

Material Shortages

  • Analysis of Most Impacted Materials
  • Geographic Variation in Shortages
  • Causes and Solutions for Shortages
  • Impact of Material Shortages on Production

Supply Chain & Logistics Data in Zero Waste Packaging

  • Supply Chain Resilience and Risk Factors
  • Distribution and Warehousing Requirements
  • Role of Automation and AI in Logistics
  • Cost Analysis of Packaging Logistics

Packaging Logistics for E-Commerce

  • Specific Requirements for E-Commerce Packaging
  • Reverse Logistics and Return Management
  • Packaging for Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Models
  • Environmental Impact of E-Commerce Packaging

Advanced Packaging Logistics & Distribution Solutions

  • Use of Data Analytics in Logistics Optimization
  • Last-Mile Delivery Innovations
  • Sustainable Transportation Solutions
  • Cold Chain Packaging for Zero Waste

Packaging Demand in Emerging Industries

  • Industry-Specific Needs (e.g., Pharma, Electronics)
  • Forecast of Packaging Demand by Industry
  • Analysis of High-Growth Industries
  • Specialized Zero Waste Solutions by Sector

Packaging Demand by End-Use Industry

  • Packaging Demand in Food & Beverage
  • Packaging Demand in Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
  • Packaging Demand in Personal Care and Cosmetics
  • Industrial Demand for Zero Waste Solutions

Growth Potential in New Packaging Areas

  • Zero Waste Packaging for Specialty Markets
  • High-Growth Niches and Custom Solutions
  • Expansion Potential in Emerging Economies
  • Opportunities in Digital and Smart Packaging

Sustainability & Circular Economy Data

  • Closed-Loop Packaging and Reuse Models
  • Analysis of Life Cycle Assessment Data
  • Circular Economy Innovations
  • Key Metrics for Sustainability Impact

Recycling Rates and Technologies

  • Regional Recycling Rates for Packaging
  • New Technologies in Recycling and Reuse
  • Cost-Effectiveness of Recycling Techniques
  • Impact of Recycling Policies on Market

Advanced Packaging Technologies & Innovations

  • Developments in Biodegradable Packaging
  • Active and Intelligent Packaging Solutions
  • Customizable and Smart Packaging
  • Innovations in Zero Waste Materials

Automation & AI in Packaging

  • AI for Supply Chain Optimization
  • Automation in Sorting and Recycling
  • Robotics in Packaging and Distribution
  • Cost-Reduction Through Automation

Smart Tracking and Inventory Management

  • RFID and IoT for Inventory Tracking
  • Demand Forecasting with AI
  • Real-Time Inventory and Supply Data
  • End-to-End Visibility and Analytics

Predictive Maintenance and Quality Control

  • Predictive Maintenance for Packaging Equipment
  • AI-Driven Quality Control
  • Machine Learning for Defect Detection
  • Cost Savings through Predictive Analytics

Enhanced Efficiency and Productivity

  • Lean Manufacturing for Zero Waste Packaging
  • Energy and Resource Efficiency Improvements
  • Process Optimization and Waste Reduction
  • Metrics for Efficiency Measurement

Smart Packaging Solutions

  • Connected Packaging for Consumer Engagement
  • Packaging with Embedded QR Codes
  • Interactive and Digital Packaging Solutions
  • Anti-Counterfeit and Traceability Features

Packaging Innovations in Materials

  • New Materials for Enhanced Durability
  • Lightweight Materials for Zero Waste
  • Material Innovations for Biodegradability
  • Reusable and Refillable Packaging Options

Packaging in E-Commerce & Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Models

  • Unique Requirements for DTC Packaging
  • Cost and Efficiency Considerations
  • Customized Packaging for Brand Identity
  • Return Management and Sustainable Packaging

Collaborative Partnerships for Innovation

  • Partnerships for Material Development
  • Industry Collaboration on Sustainability Standards
  • Collaboration with Technology Providers
  • Strategic Alliances with Recycling Firms

Production and Consumption Data in Zero Waste Packaging

  • Historical and Forecasted Production Data
  • Regional Consumption Trends
  • Production Capacity Utilization Rates
  • Key Trends Influencing Production

Opportunity Assessment

  • High-Growth Market Segments
  • Identification of Emerging Market Opportunities
  • Investment Potential in Zero Waste Packaging
  • Strategic Recommendations for Growth

Plan Finances/ROI Analysis

  • Financial Projections for Zero Waste Packaging
  • ROI Calculation for Sustainable Solutions
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis of Material Substitutions
  • Long-Term Financial Planning

Cross-border Intelligence

  • Cross-Border Trade Opportunities and Risks
  • Comparative Analysis of Regional Markets
  • Supply Chain Strategies for Cross-Border Trade
  • Cross-Border Compliance and Regulation

Business Model Innovation

  • Emerging Business Models in Packaging
  • Subscription Models for Zero Waste Packaging
  • Pay-per-Use and Rental Packaging Models
  • Innovations in Value Delivery

Blue Ocean vs. Red Ocean Strategies

  • Differentiation through Blue Ocean Strategy
  • Competitive Analysis in Red Ocean Markets
  • Identifying Uncontested Market Space
  • Strategy Formulation for Zero Waste Packaging

Strategic Recommendations

  • Key Success Factors for Market Players
  • Future Investment Opportunities in Zero Waste Packaging
  • Recommendations for Manufacturers and Retailers

Appendix

  • Abbreviations and Acronyms
  • Research Methodology
  • References
  • Insight Code: 5374
  • No. of Pages: 150+
  • Format: PDF/PPT/Excel
  • Published: February 2025
  • Report Covered: [Revenue + Volume]
  • Historical Year: 2021-2022
  • Base Year: 2023
  • Estimated Years: 2024-2033

About The Author

Deepa Pandey is a skilled market research professional with over three years of experience specializing in packaging. Her expertise spans various aspects of the packaging sector, including regulatory compliance, packaging design, material innovations, and sustainability. Deepa's passion for improving packaging solutions in the healthcare industry drives her to stay ahead of emerging trends and innovations that aim to enhance safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability.

Throughout her career, Deepa has collaborated with leading healthcare companies, conducting in-depth research to identify key market trends and shifts in consumer preferences. Her expertise includes packaging solutions that optimize drug delivery, ensure product integrity, and improve patient compliance. She is also focused on innovations in sustainable packaging, including the use of recyclable and biodegradable materials, as the industry increasingly seeks eco-friendly solutions.

Deepa's market research reports provide businesses with valuable insights into regulatory requirements, technological advancements, and competitive dynamics within healthcare packaging. By delivering actionable data, she has helped companies refine their packaging strategies, improve product safety, and maintain compliance with stringent industry standards.

FAQ's

Zero waste packaging is highly preferred to get a healthier environment as it reduces the waste produced by plastic packaging.

The 5 major rules of zero waste packaging are reuse, reduce, refuse, rot, and recycle.

The primary motive is to minimize the production of waste and recycle products several times.

CSIR, CPCB, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.